英中对照：15本科幻“预言书”，你读过哪些？

原标题：英中对照：15本科幻“预言书”，你读过哪些？

Here are 15 sci-fi books that actually predicted the future

15本科幻“预言书”，你读过哪些？

Does science fiction predict the future or does it merelyinspire future discoveries?

科幻小说是不是真的预测了未来？还是说它们启发了未来？

That's the question these 15 books force readers to ask themselves as they read about computer hackers, bionic limbs, and iPads, all thought up by authors decades and sometimes centuries before the inventions were created.

以下15本书的读者不得不问自己这样的问题：这些作者是如何在诸如电脑黑客、仿生肢体和平板电脑被发明的几十年甚至几个世纪以前就想到这些东西的？

Inspired by this infographic of seemingly precognitive sci-fi books, we've assembled a list of the books that predicted the future.

受到这份科幻小说信息图表的影响，我们整理出了这份预测了未来的科幻小说名单。

Keep scrolling to see.

滑动鼠标一探究竟吧！

Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver’s Travels" predicted the discovery of Mars’ two moons

乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》预言了发现火星的两颗卫星

This 1726 social satirefollows a man named Gulliver as he travels into different worlds, like one occupied by tiny humans or another inhabited by giants.

这本1726年的社会讽刺小说讲述了一个名为格列佛的人在不同的国度旅行的故事，比如一个居住着小人的国家和一个全是巨人的国家。

But when Gulliver is on the island of Laputa, a floating world filled with scientists, the astronomers notice Mars has two moons in its orbit. Over 150 years later in 1877, it was discovered Mars did indeed have two moons— Phobos and Deimos.

但是当格列佛到达飞岛（又译作拉普达岛，一个全是科学家的悬浮的世界）的时候，天文学家们意识到火星的轨道上也许有两颗卫星。150年以后的1877年，人们发现火星真的有两颗卫星：福波斯（火卫一）和德摩斯（火卫二）。

Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" predicted modern transplants.

玛丽·雪莱的《科学怪人》预言了现代移植

When Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" in 1818, science was just beginning to explore the new realm of dead tissue reanimation through electricity.

在1818年雪莱写下《科学怪人》的时候，科学刚开始探索用电激活坏死组织的新领域。

And while the early methods were crude to say the least, they paved the way for future medical breakthroughs like organ transplants that were envisioned in Shelley's novel.

尽管早期的方法很粗糙，但是他们为未来的医学突破铺平了道路，比如雪莱的小说里提到的器官移植。

Jules Verne's "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" predicted the electric submarine.

儒勒·凡尔纳的《海底两万里》预言了潜水艇

Jules Verne is known as one of the most forward-thinking authorsof the 19th Century, predicting everything fromlunar modulesto solar sails over 100 years before they were invented.

儒勒·凡尔纳是19世纪最具前瞻性的作家之一，他预言了从登月舱到太阳帆的各种事物，比实际发明早了一百多年。

His most famous book, however, is "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea." Published in 1870, the novel predicted electric submarines 90 years before they were officially invented.

1870年他发表的最耳熟能详的作品《海底两万里》预言了潜水艇的出现，比正式发明早了90年。

Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward" predicted credit cards.

爱德华·贝拉米的《回顾:公元2000~1887年》预言了信用卡

63 years before credit cards were invented, Bellamy had a similar idea in his 1888 Utopian science fiction novel.

在信用卡被发明的63年前，即1888年，贝拉米在他的乌托邦小说中就提出了类似的点子。

After Julian West falls asleep for 113 years and wakes up in the year 2000, he finds that everyone uses "credit" cards to buy goods. Though the way Bellamy's cards work is closer to a debit card or Social Security dividend, it remains nonetheless an interesting prediction.

在朱利安·韦斯特（《回顾》的男主角）沉睡了113年之后，他于2000年醒转，他发现每个人都用“信用“卡购买物品。虽然贝拉米的卡的运作机制更像借记卡或者社保卡，但这仍旧是一项有趣的预言。

Hugo Gernsback's "Ralph 124C 41+" predicted solar power

雨果·根斯巴克的《大科学家拉尔夫124C·41+》预言了太阳能

This early novel by Hugo Gernsback — the man the sci-fi Hugo Book Awards are named after — was written in 1911, but set in the year 2660.

雨果·根斯巴克（年度科幻小说雨果奖以他的名字命名）这本早期的作品写于1911年，但却描述了2660年的故事。

Though this story isn't quite as exciting as modern sci-fi books due to its weaker plot and formulaic love story, it did predict solar energy, TVs, tape recorders, movies with sound, and space travel.

虽然这个故事因为无力的剧情和公式化的爱情故事，并未像现代科幻小说一般让人振奋，但它的的确确预言了太阳能、电视、磁带、有声电影和太空旅行。

H. G. Wells' "The World Set Free" predicted the atomic bomb

赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的《获得自由的世界》预言了原子弹

Published in 1914, "The World Set Free" not onlyforesaw nuclear weapons, but may have given Dr. Leo Szilard, the man who split the atom, the idea for the destructive nuclear bomb in the first place.

发表于1914年的《获得自由的世界》不仅仅预言了核武器，也许还为分裂原子的利奥·西拉德博士提供了制造破坏性核弹的灵感。

Though the atomic bomb in Wells' universe wasa uranium hand grenade — not unlike a regular bomb, but with more radiation — the science behind the idea was still roughly three decades ahead of its time.

虽然威尔斯的宇宙中，原子弹仅为一枚铀手榴弹，与常规炸弹没什么两样，不过有着更多的辐射能力，但是这个点子背后的科学意义却仍旧超前于它的时代30年。

Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World" predicted mood-boosting pills.

奥尔德斯·赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》预言了改善情绪的药物

This dystopian novel pictures what would happen if the world becamea drug-dependent capitalistic society that values sexual freedom over monogamyand separates people into a caste system.

这部反乌托邦小说描绘了这样一个世界：一个依赖于毒品的资本主义社会，更重视性自由而不是一夫一妻制，并且存在种姓制度。

In his 1931 book, Huxley foresaw the use of mood-boosting pills and reproductive technology, and the problems of overpopulation.

在这本写于1931年的书中，赫胥黎预见了改善情绪的药物和生殖技术（指代替人类自然生殖过程中的某一步骤或全部步骤的手段，包括人工授精、体外受精等技术）的使用，以及人口过剩的问题。

George Orwell's "1984" predicted Big Brother and mass surveillance

乔治·奥威尔的《1984》预言了“老大哥”和大规模监视

Orwell's "1984" is the classic dystopian novel that is responsible for concepts likeBig Brother, doublethink, Newspeak, and the Thought Police.

奥威尔的《1984》是一本经典的反乌托邦小说，其中提出了如“老大哥”、双重思想、“新语”（官方宣传语言）和思想警察等概念。

Written about a dystopian world nearly 40 years after World War II, the book focuses on topics like censorship, propaganda, and oppressive government in a futuristic society. Orwell also predicted mass surveillance and police helicopters in this 1949 classic.

其中描写了二战结束后40年的一个反乌托邦世界，并且聚焦在未来社会中审查、宣传和苛政的主题。奥威尔还在这本1949年的经典著作中预言了大规模监控和警用直升机的出现。

Ray Bradbury's "Fahrenheit 451" predicted earbuds

雷·布莱伯利的《华氏451度》预言了耳机

Bradbury wrote "Fahrenheit 451"in 1953 about a technophile society where books are outlawed and any books that still exist are burned.

布莱伯利在1953年写下《华氏451度》，这本书描述了一个技术狂热的社会，在那里，书本被取缔，任何现存的书籍都被烧毁。

His dystopian world predictedflat-screen TVs as well as "seashells" and "thimble radios," which were portable audio devices not unlike earbuds and Bluetooth headsets.

他的反乌托邦世界中预言了液晶电视、“贝壳”（类似耳机的设备）和“套管音频”，这些便携式音频设备跟耳机和蓝牙头戴式耳机没什么不同的。

Robert Heinlein's "Stranger in a Strange Land" predicted the waterbed.

罗伯特·海因莱茵的《异乡异客》预言了水床

This 1961 novel follows Valentine Michael Smith after he finally comes home to Earth after being raised by Martians since he was a child.

这部1961年的小说讲述了瓦伦丁·迈克尔·史密斯从孩提时代被火星人收养到最终返回地球家园的故事。

In addition to discussing futuristic topics such as intergalactic politics, "Stranger in a Strange Land" also predicted waterbeds a decade before they came to fruition.

除了讨论一些诸如星际政治的未来话题之外，《异乡异客》还在水床真正出现的10年前预言了它的存在。

Arthur C. Clarke's "2001: A Space Odyssey” predicted the iPad.

亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克的《2001太空漫游》预言了平板电脑

This 1968 sci-fi book about an alien civilization creating intelligent life on Earth is filled with serious themes like nuclear war, evolution, andthe perils of artificial intelligencein the form of the super computer HAL 9000.

这本1968年的书讲述了外星文明在地球上创造有智生命的故事，其中包含了许多严肃的主题，如核战、进化和以超级计算机HAL 9000的形式出现的人工智能带来的极大威胁。

But the most accurate prediction from the book were the electronic papers or the "newspad" that people read, which sounds an awful lot like the iPad.

但是这本书中最准确的预测是供人阅读的电子纸张或者说是“新闻平板电脑”，这与平板电脑实在是太像了。

John Brunner's "Stand on Zanzibar" predicted satellite TV and electric cars.

约翰·布鲁纳的《站立桑给巴尔》预言了卫星电视和电动汽车

This dystopian novel was first published in 1968 and takes place in 2010. In Brunner's novel, the United States is grappling with overpopulation and widening social divides.

这本出版于1968年的反乌托邦小说描绘的场景于2010年实现了。布鲁纳的小说里，美国正处于人口过剩和社会差距拉大的时期。

Aside from the realistic plot, the book predicted quite a few technologies we have today, includingon-demand TV, satellite TV, laser printers, electric cars, and even the decriminalization of marijuana.

除了这些现实主义的剧情，该书还预言了许多我们现有的科技，包括点播电视、卫星电视、激光打印机、电动汽车甚至是大麻的非犯罪化。

Martin Caidin's "Cyborg" predicted the first bionic limb.

马丁·凯丁的《半机械人》预言了仿生假肢

This 1972 novel follows former-astronaut-turned-pilot Steve Austin, who crashes during a flight, leaving him with only one limb and blind in one eye.

这本1972年的小说讲述了前宇航员史蒂夫·奥斯丁的故事，他在一次飞行中发生撞击，让他只剩下一条腿和一只眼睛。

A team of scientists are able to give Austin new legs, a removeable eye with a camera, and a bionic arm, which makes him a "cyborg," or a mixture of man and machine. The book prophesied the first bionic leg transplant by 41 years.

一队科学家为奥斯丁嫁接了一条新腿、一只带着照相机的可移动眼睛和一条仿生手臂，这使得他成为了一个“半机械人”、或者说是人类与机器的混合体。这本书比第一条仿生大腿的成功移植早了41年。

Douglas Adams' "The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy" predicted audio translating apps

道格拉斯·亚当斯的《银河系漫游指南》预言了语音翻译软件

Published in 1979, Arthur Dent is warned by his friend Ford Prefect — a secret researcher for the interstellar travel guide"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" — that Earth is about to be demolished.

这本1979年出版的书中写道，亚瑟·邓特收到星际旅游指南《银河系漫游指南》的秘密研究员好友福特·普里夫特的警告：地球快要灭亡了。

The pair escapes on an alien spaceship, and embarks on a bizarre adventurearound the universe. One of the things they witness isreal-time audio translations with the universal translator, now a reality 34 years later thanks totranslation apps.

他们二人乘坐一艘外星宇宙飞船逃逸，开始了一场宇宙奇遇。他们见证的其中一件事就是宇宙翻译器中的实时音频翻译，34年后的今天，因为翻译软件的出现，这成为了现实。

William Gibson's "Neuromancer" predicted cyberspace and computer hackers

威廉·吉布森的《神经浪游者》预言了网络空间和计算机黑客

This futuristic crime caper from 1984 follows a burnt-out hacker and cyber thief whose ability to"jack in" to cyberspace is restored by a miracle cure.

这本1984年的小说描述了一场未来主义的犯罪，主人公是一个有着“插手”网络空间能力却被烧伤的黑客兼网络窃贼，小说讲述了他被神奇地治愈的故事。

"Neuromancer" was not only the first novel to winthe triple crown of sci-fi awards (the Hugo Award, the Nebula Award, and the Philip K. Dick Award) and inspiredthe "Matrix" series, but also predicted our future cyberspace society and computer hackers.

《神经浪游者》不仅仅是第一本获得三冠王的科幻小说（雨果奖、星云奖和菲利普·K·迪克奖）、“矩阵”系列（原为电影系列，包含如《黑客帝国》等电影，后来含义扩充为包含现实世界和计算机世界的作品）的灵感来源，还预言了我们未来的网络社会和计算机黑客。

来源：

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/these-15-sci-fi-books-actually-predicted-the-future/

作者：Megan Willett, Business Insider记者